The testes of normal 46,XY males secrete both Müllerian Inhibiting Substance (also known as MIS or antimüllerian hormone ... enzymes needed to convert cholesterol to testosterone.

Estrogen is also produced in smaller amounts ... of drugs called 5-alpha reductase inhibitors that block the conversion of testosterone into the more bioactive form of testosterone called ...

An additional antiandrogenic effect of estrogens comes from their stimulation of liver production of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a globulin that binds free-circulating androgens and ...

they may choose to take androgens—masculinizing hormones including testosterone—and undergo gender-affirming surgery. Hormone treatments affect the entire body, from redistributing fat to terminating ...