The natural world is a finely-tuned balance of biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components that shape our environments. Various biotic factors directly affect processes like population growth, ...

to the biotic community. Ecology, he wrote, "simply enlarges the boundaries of the community to include soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the land"; an ecological ethic ...

However, the dependency of these products on biotic pollination services is poorly understood. We used the biologically and culturally diverse Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in India to characterise the ...

Plant ecology is a sub-discipline of ecology focussed on the distribution and abundance of plants, and their interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment. Crop rotation has been shown to ...