Elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels at baseline are linked to a 29% increased risk for diabetic kidney disease, a recent observational study found.

did not require renal replacement therapy at baseline, and had proteinuria assessed either by dipstick (n = 920,985) or by measurement of their albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR; n = 102,701).

10 In its early phase, chronic glomerulonephritis is generally associated with urinary abnormality, including hematuria or proteinuria, in the context of normal renal function. ACR screening of ...