and how bicarbonate anions buffer blood and other bodily fluids.' Saykally and his research group have overcome the challenge of carbonic acid's short lifetime -- about 26 milliseconds -- by ...

The pH of a carbonic acid solution typically ranges from 4 to 6, depending on the concentration of carbon dioxide. It is essential in the bicarbonate buffer system, helping to maintain blood pH ...

In the experiments described here it has been possible partly to avoid these difficulties by using carbonate-bicarbonate buffer mixtures.