Cytologists had been studying chromosome behavior since the late 19th century. Why did it take until 1956 to figure out the correct human chromosome number, thanks to Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan?

In particular, it explains that humans have one fewer chromosome pair in their cells than apes, due to a mutation found in chromosome number 2 that caused two chromosomes to fuse into one.

and with the exception of four chromosomes (9, 10, 11, and 12), all of the human chromosomes can be resolved based on their laser light-scattering properties. In addition, this approach can also ...

Human-accelerated regions (HARs) in chromosomes help human neurons grow multiple neurites. When HARs were added to artificial chimpanzee neurons, as seen on the right, they grew extra neurites, ...

But it might also put us at risk for uniquely human brain disorders. The study appears in Nature. The research focused on parts of chromosomes known as human accelerated regions (HARs), which have ...