In the waters off Iwo Jima, a volcanic island in Japan’s Satsuma archipelago, the sea has a distinct green tint. It’s not ...

Green oceans on early Earth, shaped by iron, pushed microbes to evolve light-absorbing tools that worked in green light.

But while lifeless during that time, the planet was already covered by vast oceans dotted with hydrothermal vent systems that ...

Researchers have found that Earth’s first oceans may not have been blue at all like today. Instead, they may have gleamed in shades of green for billions of years. Although Earth formed about 4.5 ...

The earliest lifeforms, cyanobacteria, appeared around 4 billion years ago. These organisms, now known as algae, were among ...

The high protein content makes microalgae an exciting, vegan alternative to meat. At the moment it tends to be added to food in small measures, more as a health gimmick. But Andrew Spicer ...

Indeed, chloroplasts resemble modern cyanobacteria, which remain similar to the cyanobacteria of 3 million years ago. However, the evolution of photosynthesis goes back even further, to the ...