The drug-free AM-301 (Bentrio, Altamira Therapeutics) nasal spray forms a protective gel layer on the nasal mucosa after application and keeps viruses and allergens from coming in contact with .

Rebuli suggests that the solution may be an intranasal booster to enhance nasal mucosal antibodies in addition to the immune response brought on by the intramuscular mRNA vaccine.

Then, after the hamsters were infected with SARS-CoV-2, they used tissue samples from the nasal mucosa and lungs to see how strongly the virus was still able to attack the mucosal cells.