Muscular VSDs occur in the mid to apical interventricular ... ventricular septal defect include: Qp/Qs is > 1.5 and there is LV systolic or diastolic dysfunction causing clinical heart failure.

Infection with this parasite can result in large cysts in organs such as the heart, where it is often localized to the interventricular septum. When a Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm ruptures ...