"Rootless cones form when lava flows over wet or icy ground, causing it to boil and explode," said Dundas. "The region around Athabasca Valles is covered by a huge lava flow field, and seeing rootless ...

An curved arrow pointing right. Adding relatively minor factors like crystals, water, ice, and metal can drastically affect how lava moves, cools, and creates formations. When lava meets water ...

Some of these skylights were discovered near the Moon’s north pole, indicating that lava tubes in this region could potentially harbor ice deposits ... The TMDS platform can adjust its height ...

which means knowing how lava works and reacts to elements like water, metal, and ice is key. So on this episode of "Science Skills," we're going to look at two ways scientists study lava ...