Patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus who used hydroxychloroquine had a significantly reduced risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus.

Belimumab plus standard therapy effectively improves mucocutaneous SLE symptoms compared with placebo plus standard therapy, especially in patients with high disease activity and serological activity.

acute cutaneous lupus and alopecia. Results for the first patient showed resolution of discoid lesions, alopecia, mucocutaneous ulcers and lymphadenopathy at day 29 following CAR T-cell therapy.