Less than 5 percent of the animal species in the seas survived ... For years scientists have known that the deep ocean lacked oxygen in the late Permian. But most life is concentrated in shallow ...

The results reveal how marine animals have recovered from ... Payne and a team turned to ocean temperatures, harnessing geochemical evidence to create an environmental model for the end-Permian era.

The researchers focused on the marine animal fossil ... information about ancient ocean oxygen levels and temperature conditions to build a climate model for end-Permian environmental change ...

Bookended by extinctions, this era saw huge shifts in the diversity and dominance of life on Earth, ushering in the appearance of many well-known groups of animals that would go ... event devastated ...

Beneath the towering Guadalupe Mountains of Texas lies a dramatic story of transformation. Once part of an ancient sea, the fossilized Capitan Reef now forms craggy peaks and iconic cliffs like El ...