Milk heating with a pasteurization step from 68°C to 72°C not only results in a more homogeneous temperature gradient, but is also three times faster than with a plate heat exchanger.

However, microbes -- known as thermoduric -- can survive pasteurization ... which form on joints, plate heat exchangers and filtration membranes within the milk processing equipment.

Pasteurization assays consisted of test virus-supplemented milk subjected to either 63 °C or 72 °C heat treatment (the general range of pasteurization temperatures used globally) for varying ...

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NEW YORK (AP) — A new study that recreated commercial pasteurization in a government lab provides reassurance that heat treatment kills bird flu virus in cow’s milk, U.S. officials said Friday.