In 48 BC, Egypt became involved in the conflict between Julius Caesar and Pompey in Rome. Pompey had fled to Egypt’s capital, Alexandria, where he was executed under the order of Ptolemy.

Cleopatra ruled over Ancient Egypt from 51 to 30 BC and was the last ruler of the Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt.

Egypt took the side of the latter. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was murdered on the orders of Pothinus, advisor to Ptolemy Xlll. Pompey may have been an adversary, but he was also Caesar's son ...

Pompey, struggling to beat Caesar, fled to Egypt for help. But Ptolemy, trying to impress Caesar, had him swiftly killed. But this, in fact, enraged Caesar who set off for Egypt himself.