Cleopatra ruled over Ancient Egypt from 51 to 30 BC and was the last ruler of the Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt.

Pompey, struggling to beat Caesar, fled to Egypt for help. But Ptolemy, trying to impress Caesar, had him swiftly killed. But this, in fact, enraged Caesar who set off for Egypt himself.

In 48 BC, Egypt became involved in the conflict between Julius Caesar and Pompey in Rome. Pompey had fled to Egypt’s capital, Alexandria, where he was executed under the order of Ptolemy.