For reinforced ring beam, the ratio should be 1-2-4 (one bag of cement, two of aggregate and four of sand). The construction of the ring beam should at least be given about seven to 10 days to set.

The propagation of high-intensity light beams through transparent media can lead to unusual non-linear effects. Here Panagiotopoulos et al.show that a high-intensity ring-Airy beam transforms into ...