With base substitution mutations, only a single nucleotide within a gene sequence is changed, so only one codon is affected (Figure 1). Insertions and deletions are two other types of mutations ...

The main difficulty in estimating rates of mutation involves the fact that DNA changes are extremely ... estimates should not be confused with substitution rates estimated over phylogenetic ...

LIG4 syndrome is an exceptionally rare disorder caused by a genetic mutation that prevents the body from repairing damaged ...

“What is quite amazing is that it’s only one amino acid substitution ... expressing the human gene produced more basal radial glia and more neurons, strengthening the case for a causal relationship ...

This means that the damage has multiple chances to generate harmful mutations, which can lead to cancer. While most known types of DNA damage are fixed by our cells' in-house DNA repair mechanisms ...

There are many different types of mutations which can arise in DNA. This diagram shows the normal order of the bases for one of the strands in a DNA molecule. Only one of the strands of DNA is ...

Although the genetic interactions among mutations in starch biosynthesis ... leading to an amino acid substitution which ...