Getting a handle on the invisible part of your network—the protocols that are in use—can be of enormous value in helping you detect problems.

The TCP/IP Protocol Stack Using TCP/IP as a model, the sending application (top) hands data to the transport layer, which breaks it up into the packet format required by the network.

TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation and function (Fig. 2). The network access layer is equivalent to OSI layers ...

But as these models evolve, their capabilities are entering a new phase with the introduction of Model Context Protocol (MCP) – a development that will also reshape how we think about search ...

A tutorial on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model plus tips on how to memorize the seven layers.

Microsoft has added preview support for the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to its Azure AI Foundry Agent Service, aiming for ...

The TCP/IP model is simpler than the traditional OSI model but still retains the fundamental networking concepts necessary for communication. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensuring Reliable ...

Other Protocols There are other incidental protocols that you'll run into from time to time. The three most common of these would be Remote Procedure Call (RPC), used by Pre-E2K Exchange boxes, X.400, ...