Over the past decade, researchers at RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Japan have generated complex tissues, including mouse retinas and Purkinje cells (a type of neuron) that integrated ...

Tissues are complex multi-cellular three-dimensional structures with architectures designed to achieve a desired function. Understanding the role of the local tissue architecture is a critical step ...

First, biological materials, such as the extracellular matrix (ECM)—a complex network of proteins and other molecules that comes together to form cells and tissues—must be maintained in highly ...

Adequate blood supply is crucial for the survival and function of implanted tissues, especially for thick or complex tissues. Strategies such as co-culturing endothelial cells or incorporating ...