Within the ribosome, the mRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA complexes are held together closely, which facilitates base-pairing. The rRNA catalyzes the attachment of each new amino acid to the growing chain.

Two recent reports have identified a new Sec synthase that catalyzes the last step in the generation of this aminoacyl-tRNA in eukarya and archaea.

Defects in tRNA biology, such as mutations in tRNA genes or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, can lead to various diseases, including: Understanding the mechanisms of tRNA-related diseases and the potential ...