She chose the latter. The killing of children by their mothers had long been regarded as a heinous crime. However, in early 19th-century England, the increased emphasis on domesticity and feminine ...

Until the mid-19th century, punishments were carried out in ... Public punishment allowed the whole community to take revenge on the criminal, and see that the victims had been given retribution.

Death masks of criminals were made across the Western world during the early 19th Century. The aim was to attempt to make connections between the physical features of the head and the nature of ...