Oxidation states (OS) refer to the hypothetical charges that atoms would have if all bonds were ionic, providing a way to understand the electron distribution in compounds. Transition metals ...

Voth, “On the Structure and Dynamics of Ionic Liquids,” The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, No. 5, 2004, pp. 1744-1752. doi:10.1021/jp0364699 [11] P. Wasserscheid and W. Keim, “Ionic ...

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Even though emeralds and rubies are very different colors, they both have the same secret ingredient in their atomic ...

Toxic metals, commonly known as ‘heavy metals,’ are a group of metalloids, transition metals, and basic metals, with high atomic weight, and high density, and are toxic to humans and other ...

And then we meet helium. The second-lightest element is a noble gas, a class of elements that have no need to create molecular compounds as they have no instability issues. It is possible under ...

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Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Ave., Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States Department of Chemistry, The Graduate Center ...

This video explains ionic bonding. An ionic compound is made up of charged particles, called ions. It has a giant lattice structure, with strong electrostatic forces of attraction.