To achieve low-latency with minimal variance it is important to define a set of design principles that guide the development. When a trade off must be made then the design principles help guide the ...

To store variable length strings or binary data the var data fields can be used at the end of the message or repeating group. These are variable length byte arrays for which optional character ...

Aiming at the difficulty of accurately estimating the phase of 32-QAM constellation diagrams, this paper proposes a simple two-stage CPE algorithm for 32-QAM coherent optical communication systems.