Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that stick to non-biological surfaces, such as rocks in a stream, as well as to surfaces on plants (roots) or in animals (epithelium). These clusters are ...

Use a cloth dipped in the mixture to apply the soapy water to your stain. Gently rub it in from the top down, then rinse with plain water and dry thoroughly with a hair dryer on a cool setting.

It’s impossible to miss – it’s the floating biofilm on top of your delicious drink. While a SCOBY looks gross, it is remarkably versatile. If you feed it on sugar and tea or coffee in large ...

These are pretreated and laundered industrial stain monitors that Andrea used during detergent testing. The bottom-middle monitor shows stains pretreated and washed with Tide Free & Gentle.