Dietary measures and medications may help reduce uric acid and manage gout. Gout can occur when blood uric acid levels are too high, causing crystals to form in the toes, feet, and other joints.

Figure 1. Overview of enterohepatic circulation of BAs in human and mouse. Cholesterol is converted to cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which are the end products in the human liver, ...