The RAS-MAPK system plays an important role in regulating various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and transformation. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated ...

Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways ...

Over the course of evolution, many proteins have undergone adaptive structural changes to meet the increasing homeostatic regulatory demands of multicellularity. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS), ...