In 1120, a peaceful compromise was arranged between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II regarding this controversy. After the death of Clement IV in 1268, the cardinals met at the ...

Shortly afterwards in December 1154, Pope Anastasius IV died. At that time ... He restored Papal authority over the city of Rome, and clashed with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa over ...

King Henry VIII also loses a loved one, even as he gains an heir. Jane Seymour gives birth to a son but is absent from the joyful presentation of the new ... Then the king of France and the Holy Roman ...

Adrian also clashed with the Holy Roman Emperor ... Henry II permission to invade Ireland, though historians debate the authenticity of the document supposedly authorizing it. Adrian IV died ...

When we last left Frederick II, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor after years of struggle. But this episode dives into Frederick’s fraught relationship with the papacy, his bold diplomacy with ...

His conflict with King Henry iv, Holy Roman Emperor dominated the European stage in the 1070s and 1080s. Conrad Leyser, associate Professor at Worcester College, Oxford helps Jonathan tell the ...

the first Holy Roman Emperor. The bag, which remains in the Abbey’s collection and was used in 1267 during the reign of Henry III, shares a pattern and weaver with Charlemagne’s burial shroud.

On Christmas Day 1400 the English king Henry IV and the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos ... Shortly after, the Hungarian king (and future Holy Roman Emperor) Sigismund of Luxembourg was ...

John was the youngest and favourite son of Henry II, but he had not been entrusted with any ... but by any standards he was a disastrous ruler. He was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1576, though he was ...

Visiting, meditating or praying in Istanbul's Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom in Greek) is aesthetically and emotionally exhilarating. Built by the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I between 532 and 537 ...

The Ottonian dynasty ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 962 until the death of Henry II in 1024 ... Innocent IV, exiled in Lyon, convenes the 13th Ecumenical Council. In front of the assembly, he ...