Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., ...

Lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are common spine pathologies with different clinical presentations and interventions. HNP generally has an acute onset ...

The soft inner "jelly" (nucleus pulposus) may leak out from the disc's interior after an annular tear. Due to additional pressure, this condition may progress to herniated disc. If this leakage ...

The PD-1 receptor, a major immune checkpoint inhibitor whose signaling is the target of multiple blockbuster anticancer drugs, differs functionally between rodents and humans in previously unknown ...

3. Autoimmune theory (10, 13): The nucleus pulposus, being an immune-privileged tissue normally sequestered from systemic circulation, can trigger autoimmune responses when exposed to the immune ...

A hernia during pregnancy occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle, creating a bulge. Common types include umbilical hernias (near the belly ...

Meera Pal is a Northern California-based writer with a background in journalism and books. She covers pets, real estate, tech, and everything in between. You can follow her on Twitter @Meerakat ...

Dear Doctors: I have back pain that my co-worker thinks might be due to a herniated disk. She had one, and our symptoms are similar, including numbness down my leg. She got hurt carrying moving bo ...

Objectives Evidence comparing the effectiveness of surgical and conservative treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation is controversial. We sought to compare short-term and long-term ...