Peter Damian continued his reform efforts alongside Pope Gregory VII, challenging the Holy Roman Emperors' investiture practices. His confrontations with Emperor Henry IV of Germany, who insisted ...

As pope, Leo XIV has focused clearly on peace policy, swiftly addressing the Ukraine and Gaza wars. He thus joins the ...

These women helped ensure, further, that Liberius remained bishop of Rome ... VII’s famous Investiture Controversy slap-down of the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, was supported by the ...

Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor. This is the history of ... Constantinople considered himself equal to the bishop of Rome and, as a result, there was tension ...

The biggest offender in this was German Emperor Henry IV, who insisted the bishops ... This conflict is known as the Investiture Controversy and it went on for years. Gregory VII was eventually ...

The biggest offender in this was German Emperor Henry IV, who insisted the bishops of his realm ... This conflict is known as the Investiture Controversy and it went on for years. Gregory VII was ...

A papal conclave, following a strict canonical procedure, takes its natural course after the death of a pope and the election.

Yet the Roman bishops had no political authority ... Nor was that authority limited to spiritual matters: writing to Emperor Henry IV, Gregory made it clear that kings could, at the pope’s ...

Pope Francis, who was 88, was the first Latin American leader of the Roman Catholic Church ... soul of the man who so became a holy father for us all.” Bishop Mark Davies during a service ...