As pope, Leo XIV has focused clearly on peace policy, swiftly addressing the Ukraine and Gaza wars. He thus joins the ...

The biggest offender in this was German Emperor Henry IV, who insisted the bishops of ... recognizing the Franciscan Order, blocking the Holy Roman Emperor from expanding his empire, and punished ...

Matilda of Canossa, the Margravine of Tuscany who militarily and materially made possible Pope Gregory VII’s famous Investiture Controversy slap-down of the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV ...

The papal reign of Pope Celestine IV was also very ... the celebration of Holy Week, and his death ended a promising papacy before it could truly begin. Damasus II reigned for 24 days in 1048.

The Cardinal Protodeacon’s announcement on Thursday evening caused a collective gasp from the Roman crowd ... who made Emperor Henry IV walk barefoot through the snow at Canossa in 1077 ...

Pope Gregory VI made the mighty Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV freeze for three days in a snow storm outside his mountain retreat in Canossa in 1077. Mediaeval popes—not all but many—made not only war, ...

Pope Leo I tangled with Attila the Hun and won. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the first Holy Roman Emperor. This is the history of a legendary papal namesake. Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost ...