The lungs were hemorrhagic and weighed 1800 gm and 1525 gm respectively on the right and left. Microscopic examination confirmed diffuse intra-alveolar hemorrhage and lack of microorganisms.

Possible noninfectious causes of this patient’s presentation included pulmonary–renal syndrome, which may manifest with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and lead to hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Objectives While diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is recognised as a life-threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), little is known about its risk factors and response to ...