It simply describes when blood starts to pool in blood vessels due to a failing heart (intravascular congestion ... treatments. Left-sided heart failure, also known as left-ventricular heart ...

The normal mitral valve permits unrestricted antegrade diastolic flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle (LV ... shortness of breath and pulmonary congestion. Chronic pulmonary ...

This stiff atrium syndrome results in elevated left atrial pressure and worsens the congestion associated with ventricular diastolic dysfunction. In this patient, mitral valve thickening due to ...