The polarization pattern is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. “By imaging polarized light from hot glowing gas near black holes, we are directly inferring the structure and strength of ...

These are forced into a spiral path using a perpendicular magnetic field. This is a result of the Lorentz force. A simple pair of magnets external to the tube is all that is needed for that.

The force is always greatest when the direction of the current is 90° to the direction of the magnetic field. The direction of the force is always at 90° or perpendicular to both the direction ...