Indirect circulating systems circulate a non-freezing heat-transfer fluid through a heat exchanger that ... Passive solar water heaters don't have pumps to move hot and cold water around.

A reliable and efficient hot water supply is not a luxury, but a necessity for commercial establishments where consistent hot ...

A Slovenian research group has proposed using a heat pump booster instead of vapor compression technologies in low-temperature district-heating ... to the water in the hot heat exchanger.