Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

By analyzing the energy spectrum of these photoelectrons, information about the surface composition and chemical states of the elements can be deduced.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a common surface analysis method because it can be used on a wide variety of materials and supplies valuable quantitative and chemical data. X-ray photoelectron ...

The PHI 5800 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) is equipped with a dual source anode (Al and Mg), a hemispherical analyzer for XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, including ...

The researchers employed a combination of techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ... is how to measure fragility across a broad spectrum of compositions effectively.

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most popular surface analysis methods because it can be used on a broad range of materials and it supplies highly useful chemical data on the ...