Design and Methods: A systematic integrative review of the literature was conducted ... Subjects: Thirty-five neonatal pain assessment tools were found and evaluated using predetermined criteria.

ROBIS is a new tool for assessing the risk of bias in systematic reviews (rather than in primary studies). ROBIS has been developed using rigorous methodology and is currently aimed at four broad ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Systematic reviews and meta analyses are important tools used to aid research in Primary Care Respiratory Medicine. They allow in-depth assessments of a topic, and aim to identify, evaluate ...

Two authors (AGC, MG) independently assessed risk of bias using the ROBIS (Risk of Bias In Systematic reviews) tool.23 The tool uses signalling questions (with accompanying rating guidance) to ...

Design An intervention systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression ... 27 Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool.18 If at ...

BACKGROUND: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) appears to be diagnosed twice as often in male than in female patients. This could be attributed to underdiagnosis in female patients or sex differences in ...