Quantification of biofilms was measured by using crystal violet staining as described previously (Han et al., 2017). More specifically, after incubation, the supernatant was discarded. The glass was ...

Biofilms are clusters of microorganisms that stick to non-biological surfaces, such as rocks in a stream, as well as to surfaces on plants (roots) or in animals (epithelium). These clusters are ...

Use a cloth dipped in the mixture to apply the soapy water to your stain. Gently rub it in from the top down, then rinse with plain water and dry thoroughly with a hair dryer on a cool setting.

The best carpet stain removers can be a lifesaver. Many of us have been there, and witnessed that moment when time slows down and a glass of red wine tumbles and splashes across your light carpet.

It’s impossible to miss – it’s the floating biofilm on top of your delicious drink. While a SCOBY looks gross, it is remarkably versatile. If you feed it on sugar and tea or coffee in large ...

These are pretreated and laundered industrial stain monitors that Andrea used during detergent testing. The bottom-middle monitor shows stains pretreated and washed with Tide Free & Gentle.

Abstract: There is a growing body of theoretical and experimental evidence that in addition to the biochemical signaling using auto-inducers and ion channels, biological cells and more specifically ...

CNN reporters and hosts said Monday that President Biden's decision to pardon his family members in the waning minutes of his administration tarnished his reputation and was "a stain on his legacy." ...

Find out more about fact-checking at CHOICE. Our expert testers give every pre-treat and soaker stain remover a thorough trial to find the products that: are best at general stain removal work well on ...