Today, the upheavals of plate tectonics continually reshape Earth. When this began is much disputed - and we can’t fully understand how life began to thrive on our planet until we figure it out ...

That’s just one hurdle among many. Expanding trade means running a labyrinth of tax policies, clashing regulations, uneven ...

From the beginning of time to the origins of life, our "when" special series tackles the timing of crucial events and the ...

Accurate assessment of the land surface damage (such as small-scale fracturing and inelastic deformation) from two major ...