The kidneys use a two-part process to filter blood. Each kidney contains a million individual tiny clusters of cells called nephrons, which are themselves made up of a glomerulus and tubule. First, ...

For the almost 520,000 Americans who will undergo treatment this year, the process leaves little room for a full life. An innovative new device could change everything.

Hakroush et al26 also described a predominant expression of PD-1 in the interstitial compartment and the loss of PD-1 positivity in active lesions and they further correlated the positivity of PD-1 ...

Expert Rev of Obstet Gynecol. 2012;7(3):269-279. In summary, excess levels of urobilinogen and bilirubin in the urine may signal liver disease, and more research is needed to correlate these ...

FIGURE 2. Overview of kidney cell types. Abbreviations: PCT, proximal convoluted tubule; PST, Proximal straight tubule; DTL, descending thin limb of loop of Henle; ATL, ascending thin limb of loop of ...

The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) towards organoids is one of the biggest scientific advances in regenerative medicine. Kidney organoids have not only laid the groundwork for ...

Phosphorus is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body and is required, in association with calcium, to maintain bone integrity and mineralization. The maintenance of intracellular and ...