Fossil shell of Pithocerithium rubiginosum (height is 1.5 cm) from the Miocene sediments of Nexing in Austria (left) and isolated reddish polyene pigments on calcium fluoride disc (diameter of ...

In brief: they've grown thicker shells. The paper documents two sets of field experiments, conducted 20 years apart, measuring the thickness and plasticity in samples of tidal snails. The first ...

All mollusks build their own shells, whether they live in water or on land. Creatures like snails, clams, oysters and mussels use an organ called a mantle to secrete layers of calcium carbonate ...