By decreasing left ventricular filling, the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction worsens, making the murmur louder. In patients with aortic valvular stenosis, the murmur will get softer with ...

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurs when there is direct communication between the left and right ventricles. This can be a congenital anomaly or acquired as a complication of a myocardial ...

Manual segmentation and removal of overlying structures: the right atrium (RA), right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT), the auricle of the left atrium (LA), and the diaphragm (A,B), thereby ...