New York City is no stranger to pricey penthouses perched at the top of towering skyscrapers. But these days, the buildings are getting taller, and the bar for luxury is being raised even higher.

If you’re a global marquis-name architect, and you haven’t yet done a major building near New York’s High Line Park, you might want to hurry: Jeanne Gang, Thomas Heatherwick, and Rafael Viñoly are ...