Cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment typically involves procedures and medications that help clear the airways. Other treatments may include antibiotics, pancreatic enzymes, a high-calorie diet, and ...

Feb. 6, 2025 — Despite new medication, cystic fibrosis often leads to permanent lung damage. Researchers have discovered that the disease causes changes in the immune system early in life ...

Fibrosis is the formation of fibrous connective tissue in response to injury. It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components, particularly collagen, at the site of injury.

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis. TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects. Among them, ...