Clement wrote to them a letter ... claimants. Gregory VII: This Gregory was one of the 16 men by that name and is not to be confused with the more famous Gregory the Great. This pope was a ...

The punishment for breaking the oath is “automatic” excommunication ... the menu to bread and water. The pope who came out of that election, Gregory X, decreed in 1274 that after three ...

Pope Urban VII reigned for 12 days ... rather than to die in office, since Gregory XII more than 600 years ago, in 1415. Pope Benedict XVI. Pope John Paul II. He was the first Polish pope and ...

Bruno of Carinthia (in what is now Austria) took the name Gregory V upon being ... conclave in 1378 elected him pope, 647 years ago. He took the name Urban VII. In 1513, Cardinal Giovanni di ...

After the Pierleonis’ choice became Pope Celestine III, the Frangipanis burst into the church with an armed force, demanding they pick their favorite cardinal instead. In 1241, Pope Gregory IX ...

The longest conclave in history lasted two years and a nine months, from the death of Clement IV in November 1268 until the election of Pope Gregory X ... Urban VII, lasting just 13 days.

Popes wielded great influence in the dramatic politics of famous Italian families like the Medici: it was a Medici pope, Clement VII ... s successor Paul III excommunicated England’s King ...

has scarcely been equaled by any of his predecessors on the throne of St. Peter since the days of Gregory VII. He did much to upbuild Catholicism in England and the United States, and his temporal ...

His gathering of a circle of like-minded reformers, including the future Pope Gregory VII, helped transform the papacy into ... disputes over doctrine and practices and the excommunication of the ...