Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

This experiment marked the first successful application of photoelectron spectroscopy at the NanoTerasu ... manganese and silicon. The research team created composition-spread thin films of ...

By analyzing the energy spectrum of these photoelectrons, information about the surface composition and chemical states of the elements can be deduced.

One of the key studies employed photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) alongside PEH to investigate the atomic structures and chemical states of magnesium-doped gallium nitride (Mg-doped GaN).