Dietary measures and medications may help reduce uric acid and manage gout. Gout can occur when blood uric acid levels are too high, causing crystals to form in the toes, feet, and other joints.

Cells were pretreated with or without uric acid in soluble form for 24 h and then stimulated for 24 h with toll-like receptor (TLR)2 or TLR4 ligands in the presence or absence of MSU crystals.