Eighteenth-century libelles were much heftier volumes than their single (or half) sheet predecessors. Some libelles of this period ran as large as thirty-six volumes. [ 9 ] The fact that such pamphlets were beginning to be compiled into books increased the longevity of the libelles .

The print runs for libelles—short and aggressive works on topical subjects—naturally remained modest (1,500 to 2,000 copies), while the majority of the population was illiterate. However, this was enough to reach elites, who had the power to make decisions.

Sep 21, 2019 · Libelles were amateurish publications that ridiculed the French royal family, aristocrats and notable figures. They often utilised rumours of sexual depravity or impotence to attack their targets. The worst of this political pornography was focused on Marie Antoinette and her alleged misconduct.

Such is certainly true with many of these “libelles.” One can approach the study of 16th and 17th century France – and particularly the early part of the reign of Louis XIII, before Richelieu with his censorship laws – from many different viewpoints.

352 EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES cause the Le Maitre case provides us with an inside look at the mechanisms by which scurrilous political pamphlets were produced in the last decades of the old regime. Le Maitre's affaire was the most widely publicized case involving illegal publishing during the pre-revolutionary years of Louis XVI's reign, and

with the religious wars of the late sixteenth century when French Protestants had published a stream of libelles, small books of a few pages, to justify their actions. The word pamphlet is an English word that was used in France only after the mid seventeenth century. During the late 1580s and 1590s, printers in Paris and Lyon

During the civil war known as the Fronde, libelles proliferated in France, numbering around 5,000 between the years 1648-1653. During the Fronde, the majority of libelles were directed against Cardinal Mazarin, the chief minister of France. These libelles were referred to as Mazarinades.

The First Elizabethan Age, 16th Century history, Elections, Factions, Legal history, Tudor

1501 Italic type (cut by Francesco Griffo) is first used by Aldus Manutius at the Aldine Press in Venice, in an octavo edition of Virgil's Aeneid.He also publishes an edition of Petrarch's Le cose volgari and first adopts his dolphin and anchor device.; 1502 Aldine Press editions appear of Dante's Divine Comedy, Herodotus's Histories and Sophocles.; 1507 King James IV grants a patent for the ...

Tecayehuatzin of Huexotzinco (second half of 15th to early 16th century), poet and philosopher (Huexotzinco was a semi-independent state, alternately loyal to the Aztec Empire or to Tlaxcala.) [5]: 183–195 Temilotzin (end of 15th century-1525), born in Tlatelolco (altepetl) and Tlatoani of Tzilacatlan [5]: 171–179