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  1. Copilot Answer
    Usage

    Mentioned first in spell 472 of the Coffin Texts, they were included in the grave goods of the dead as small figurines since the reign of Mentuhotep II of the 11th Dynasty. Some think that originally they may have s… See more

    Shape and material

    Ushabtis were mostly mummiform, but during the Dynasty XVIII reign of Thutmose IV, they began to be fashioned as servants with baskets, sacks, and other agricultural tools. Some ushabtis were very ornate in form, and i… See more

    Sources

    • Brier, Bob (1998). The Encyclopedia of Mummies. Checkmark Books. ISBN 9780816039067.
    • James, T.G.H. (2000). "List of Objects". Tutankhamun. Photographs by Araldo de Luca. Friedman/F… See more

    Further reading

    • Stewart, Harry M. (1995). Egyptian Shabtis. Princes Risborough. ISBN 9780747803010.
    • Whelan, Paul (2007). Mere Scraps of Rough Wood?: 17th - 18th Dynasty Stick Shabtis in the Petrie Museum and Other … See more